gemini: model paper paper1 for pollution control
================================================================================
APPSC ANALYST GRADE-II EXAM: PAPER-1 GENERAL STUDIES & MENTAL ABILITY
COMPLETE 150 PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER KEY
================================================================================
PART A: CURRENT EVENTS, SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (Q1 - Q30)
Unit 1: Major Current Events & Issues (International, National, AP)
1. Which country assumed the G20 Presidency for the year 2026?
A) Brazil B) South Africa C) India D) USA (Ans: C)
2. As per economic surveys, what is the official coastline length of Andhra Pradesh approximately?
A) 720 km B) 850 km C) 974 km D) 1020 km (Ans: C)
3. The 'Mulapeta Port' (formerly Bhavanapadu Port) being developed to boost industrial connectivity is located in which district of AP?
A) Srikakulam B) Visakhapatnam C) Nellore D) Prakasam (Ans: A)
4. Which global institution releases the annual 'Global Innovation Index' (GII)?
A) World Bank B) IMF C) WIPO D) UNDP (Ans: C)
5. Which state government launched comprehensive welfare frameworks targeting local artisan upliftment and village-level governance?
A) Telangana B) Andhra Pradesh C) Tamil Nadu D) Karnataka (Ans: B)
6. Which international climate change conference (COP) focused significantly on operationalizing loss and damage funds recently?
A) COP26 B) COP27 C) COP28 D) COP30 (Ans: C)
7. What is the primary objective of India's 'PM-KISAN' national initiative?
A) Direct income support to landholding farmers B) Free electricity for industrial units C) Subsidized housing for urban poor D) Export promotion for MSMEs (Ans: A)
8. Which district in Andhra Pradesh is designated as a major hub for bulk drug and pharmaceutical manufacturing parks?
A) Visakhapatnam B) Anakapalli / East Godavari C) Chittoor D) Kadapa (Ans: B)
9. The headquarters of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) is situated in which country?
A) France B) India C) Germany D) Brazil (Ans: B)
10. Which index measures gender parity across economic participation, education, health, and political empowerment globally?
A) Human Development Index B) Global Gender Gap Index C) Multidimensional Poverty Index D) Corruption Perception Index (Ans: B)
Unit 2: General Science and Daily Life Applications
11. Which chemical compound is commonly known as 'Hypo', widely used in photography for fixing images?
A) Sodium carbonate B) Sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate C) Sodium bicarbonate D) Calcium oxychloride (Ans: B)
12. Total internal reflection of light is the underlying principle behind which of the following?
A) Mirage formation B) Optical fiber communication C) Diamond sparkling D) All of the above (Ans: D)
13. The pH of a normal healthy human blood sample typically ranges between:
A) 6.5 - 6.8 B) 7.35 - 7.45 C) 8.00 - 8.50 D) 5.00 - 5.50 (Ans: B)
14. Which vector is principally responsible for transmitting the Dengue virus to humans?
A) Anopheles mosquito B) Culex mosquito C) Aedes aegypti mosquito D) Housefly (Ans: C)
15. Which vitamin plays an essential enzymatic role in blood coagulation by assisting glutamic acid carboxylation?
A) Vitamin A B) Vitamin C C) Vitamin D D) Vitamin K (Ans: D)
16. Baking soda chemically consists of which primary compound?
A) Sodium carbonate B) Sodium bicarbonate C) Sodium chloride D) Calcium carbonate (Ans: B)
17. The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol by yeast is known as:
A) Oxidation B) Fermentation C) Esterification D) Hydrogenation (Ans: B)
18. Which gas is predominantly responsible for global warming and greenhouse effect traps?
A) Nitrogen B) Carbon dioxide C) Oxygen D) Argon (Ans: B)
19. Deficiency of Iodine in human diet leads to the enlargement of which endocrine gland?
A) Pituitary gland B) Thyroid gland C) Adrenal gland D) Pancreas (Ans: B)
20. The SI unit of electric current is:
A) Volt B) Watt C) Ampere D) Ohm (Ans: C)
Unit 3: Contemporary Developments in Science, Technology & IT
21. The primary payload onboard ISRO's Aditya-L1 mission for observing the solar corona in optical wavelengths is:
A) SUIT B) VELC C) PAPA D) ASPEX (Ans: B)
22. What is the name of India's first crewed human spaceflight mission scheduled by ISRO?
A) Chandrayaan-4 B) Shukrayaan C) Gaganyaan D) Samudrayaan (Ans: C)
23. Which organization acts as the national nodal agency for computer security incident response in India?
A) DRDO B) CERT-In C) NITI Aayog D) ISRO (Ans: B)
24. In computing, what does LLM stand for?
A) Logical Language Module B) Large Language Model C) Linear Logic Mechanism D) Local Link Management (Ans: B)
25. Which technology underlies modern secure distributed ledger networks and cryptocurrencies?
A) Blockchain B) FTP C) Relational Database D) HTTP (Ans: A)
26. India's navigation satellite constellation system is officially named:
A) GPS B) GLONASS C) IRNSS / NavIC D) Galileo (Ans: C)
27. The quantum computing qubit property of existing in multiple states simultaneously is known as:
A) Entanglement B) Superposition C) Tunneling D) Interference (Ans: B)
28. Which launch vehicle is often termed ISRO's workhorse for launching remote sensing and commercial payloads?
A) SLV-3 B) ASLV C) PSLV D) LVM3 (Ans: C)
29. Artificial Intelligence systems that learn from vast datasets using multi-layered artificial neural networks are categorized under:
A) Deep Learning B) Procedural Scripting C) Relational Querying D) Static Indexing (Ans: A)
30. The cyber threat where malicious actors encrypt user data and demand ransom for decryption is called:
A) Phishing B) Ransomware C) Spyware D) Spoofing (Ans: B)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART B: HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY & POLITY (Q31 - Q75)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 4: History of India & Andhra Pradesh with National Movement
31. The Naneghat inscription providing valuable historical details regarding early Satavahanas was issued by:
A) Gautamiputra Satakarni B) Naganika C) Simukha D) Hala (Ans: B)
32. Who constructed the UNESCO World Heritage site Ramappa Temple during the Kakatiya dynasty?
A) Ganapati Deva B) Prataparudra C) Recharla Rudra D) Beta Raja I (Ans: C)
33. Sri Krishnadevaraya authored which celebrated Telugu literary masterpiece?
A) Manucharitramu B) Amuktamalyada C) Vijayanabhudayamu D) Panduranga Mahatmyamu (Ans: B)
34. Who led the historic Chirala-Perala Movement during the Non-Cooperation Movement in Andhra?
A) Alluri Sitarama Raju B) Duggirala Gopalakrishnayya C) Tanguturi Prakasam D) Konda Venkatappayya (Ans: B)
35. The Rampa Rebellion (1922) against British exploitation in Andhra agency tracts was spearheaded by:
A) Komaram Bheem B) Alluri Sitarama Raju C) Pingali Venkayya D) Potti Sreeramulu (Ans: B)
36. The famous Battle of Talikota resulting in the downfall of the Vijayanagara Empire occurred in which year?
A) 1526 B) 1565 C) 1576 D) 1605 (Ans: B)
37. Who founded the Satavahana dynasty according to Puranic chronological records?
A) Satakarni I B) Simukha C) Pulumavi D) Gautamiputra (Ans: B)
38. The capital city of the Eastern Chalukyas of Vengi was located near modern-day:
A) Amaravati B) Vegi (Pedavegi near Eluru) C) Warangal D) Nellore (Ans: B)
39. Who established the Arya Samaj in 1875?
A) Raja Ram Mohan Roy B) Swami Dayanand Saraswati C) Swami Vivekananda D) Jyotirao Phule (Ans: B)
40. The historic Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress (1929) passed the momentous resolution for:
A) Dominion Status B) Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) C) Separate Electorates D) Provincial Autonomy (Ans: B)
Unit 5: Geography of India with Focus on Andhra Pradesh
41. Which river forms the inter-delta region between Godavari and Krishna in Andhra Pradesh?
A) Penna B) Tungabhadra C) Budameru D) Inter-delta canal networks connect them (Ans: D)
42. Pulicat Lake, a brackish water lagoon on the AP-Tamil Nadu border, is separated from the sea by:
A) Sriharikota Island B) Hope Island C) Diviseema D) Wheeler Island (Ans: A)
43. Rayalaseema receives lower annual rainfall than Coastal Andhra primarily because:
A) It lies on the leeward rain shadow zone during SW Monsoons B) High altitude cooling C) Lack of pressure systems D) Cold ocean currents (Ans: A)
44. Which soil type, suitable for cotton and moisture retention, is extensively found in Kurnool and Kadapa?
A) Laterite B) Red sandy C) Black cotton soil (Regur) D) Alluvial soil (Ans: C)
45. India's mainland coastline places Andhra Pradesh in which rank nationally?
A) 1st B) 2nd C) 3rd D) 4th (Ans: B)
46. Which mountain range separates the Deccan Plateau from the northern plains of India?
A) Western Ghats B) Vindhya and Satpura ranges C) Aravalli range D) Nilgiri hills (Ans: B)
47. The highest peak located in Eastern Ghats / Andhra Pradesh is:
A) Armadalakonda (Jindhagada Peak) B) Anamudi C) Doddabetta D) Mahendragiri (Ans: A)
48. Which mineral resource is abundantly found in the Cuddapah basin of Andhra Pradesh?
A) Barytes B) Petroleum C) Gold D) Uranium (Ans: A)
49. The southwest monsoon enters the Indian mainland typically through the coast of:
A) Tamil Nadu B) Kerala C) Maharashtra D) West Bengal (Ans: B)
50. Kolleru Lake is recognized globally as a major wetland under which international convention?
A) Ramsar Convention B) Basel Convention C) Stockholm Convention D) Bonn Convention (Ans: A)
Unit 6: Indian Polity, Governance, Reforms & e-Governance
51. Which Article guarantees the Right to Equality before Law?
A) Article 14 B) Article 19 C) Article 21 D) Article 32 (Ans: A)
52. The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) was borrowed from:
A) USA B) Ireland C) Canada D) Australia (Ans: B)
53. Which constitutional amendment introduced Part IX-A relating to Municipalities?
A) 73rd B) 74th C) 42nd D) 86th (Ans: B)
54. The Right to Information (RTI) Act was enacted in:
A) 2005 B) 2002 C) 2008 D) 2010 (Ans: A)
55. The decentralized grassroots governance delivery model across AP is known as:
A) MeeSeva B) Village & Ward Secretariat System C) Spandana D) e-Pragati (Ans: B)
56. Which writ literally translates to "We Command", issued to a public official to perform a duty?
A) Habeas Corpus B) Mandamus C) Quo-Warranto D) Certiorari (Ans: B)
57. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha in India is:
A) President of India B) Vice-President of India C) Prime Minister D) Speaker of Lok Sabha (Ans: B)
58. Financial bills can only be introduced in which house of the Indian Parliament first?
A) Rajya Sabha B) Lok Sabha C) Either House D) Joint Sitting (Ans: B)
59. Which schedule of the Constitution contains provisions regarding anti-defection laws?
A) 8th Schedule B) 9th Schedule C) 10th Schedule D) 11th Schedule (Ans: C)
60. The concept of Judicial Review in the Indian Constitution is adopted from the constitutional system of:
A) USA B) Britain C) USSR D) Switzerland (Ans: A)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART C: ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT (Q76 - Q115)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 7: Indian Economy and Planning
61. When did NITI Aayog replace the Planning Commission?
A) Jan 1, 2014 B) Jan 1, 2015 C) Aug 15, 2014 D) Apr 1, 2016 (Ans: B)
62. Which index is used by RBI for headline retail inflation targeting?
A) WPI B) CPI-Combined C) PPI D) GDP Deflator (Ans: B)
63. Section 46 of the AP Reorganisation Act 2014 deals with:
A) River water tribunals B) Financial measures & revenue deficit grants C) High Court bifurcation D) Special status (Ans: B)
64. The rate at which the central bank lends short-term funds to commercial banks against securities is:
A) Bank Rate B) Repo Rate C) Reverse Repo Rate D) CRR (Ans: B)
65. Which sector generates the largest share of employment in India?
A) Manufacturing B) IT C) Agriculture & Allied D) Banking (Ans: C)
66. Green Revolution in India was pioneered by whom globally and nationally?
A) M.S. Swaminathan & Norman Borlaug B) Verghese Kurien C) Amartya Sen D) C. Rangarajan (Ans: A)
67. The apex banking institution regulating monetary policy in India is:
A) SBI B) NABARD C) RBI D) SEBI (Ans: C)
68. GST (Goods and Services Tax) implemented in India is what type of tax?
A) Direct Progressive Tax B) Indirect Consumption Tax C) Corporate Wealth Tax D) Property Tax (Ans: B)
69. The multi-dimensional poverty index (MPI) in India is published by:
A) Ministry of Finance B) NITI Aayog C) Reserve Bank D) NSSO (Ans: B)
70. Fiscal Deficit represents:
A) Total expenditure minus total receipts excluding borrowings B) Revenue expenditure minus revenue receipts C) Current account deficit D) Trade gap (Ans: A)
Unit 8: Sustainable Development & Environmental Protection
71. How many SDGs are outlined in the UN 2030 Agenda?
A) 12 B) 15 C) 17 D) 20 (Ans: C)
72. Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was established under:
A) EPA 1986 B) Water Act 1974 C) Air Act 1981 D) NGT Act 2010 (Ans: B)
73. The Montreal Protocol (1987) addresses:
A) Climate carbon emissions B) Ozone-depleting substances C) Hazardous waste trade D) Biodiversity loss (Ans: B)
74. SDG 6 focuses on:
A) Energy B) Clean Water and Sanitation C) Climate Action D) Life on Land (Ans: B)
75. Nutrient enrichment leading to algal blooms and oxygen depletion is called:
A) Bioremediation B) Eutrophication C) Biomagnification D) Succession (Ans: B)
76. The Wildlife Protection Act in India was enacted in:
A) 1972 B) 1980 C) 1986 D) 1992 (Ans: A)
77. The chemical responsible for Minamata disease is:
A) Cadmium B) Methyl Mercury C) Lead D) Arsenic (Ans: B)
78. Which greenhouse gas has the highest global warming potential over a 100-year timescale among primary gases?
A) Carbon dioxide B) Methane C) Nitrous oxide D) Sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) (Ans: D)
79. The term 'Ecology' was coined by:
A) Ernst Haeckel B) Charles Darwin C) Arthur Tansley D) Rachel Carson (Ans: A)
80. Biogas is primarily composed of:
A) Methane and Carbon Dioxide B) Ethane and Propane C) Hydrogen and Nitrogen D) Carbon Monoxide (Ans: A)
Unit 9: Disaster Management, Remote Sensing & GIS
81. The Disaster Management Act in India was enacted in:
A) 1999 B) 2005 C) 2010 D) 2015 (Ans: B)
82. In GIS, spatial data represented through a grid of pixels is:
A) Raster data B) Vector data C) Topological network D) Attribute table (Ans: A)
83. Sensors utilizing their own generated energy pulse (like LiDAR or Radar) are:
A) Passive Remote Sensing B) Active Remote Sensing C) Thermal Radiometry D) Multispectral (Ans: B)
84. The apex national authority for disaster management is:
A) IMD B) NDMA C) CWC D) ISRO (Ans: B)
85. The Richter scale measures:
A) Cyclone wind speed B) Earthquake magnitude energy release C) Tsunami wave height D) Flood discharge (Ans: B)
86. Tsunamis are primarily generated by:
A) Undersea earthquakes/tectonic displacement B) Cyclonic storms C) Tidal gravitational pull D) Volcanic dust (Ans: A)
87. The nodal ministry handling drought management and coordination at the national level is:
A) Ministry of Home Affairs B) Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare C) Ministry of Earth Sciences D) Ministry of Environment (Ans: B)
88. GPS positioning relies on a minimum constellation line-of-sight view of how many satellites for accurate 3D coordinates?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5 (Ans: C)
89. The ISRO web portal providing public access to spatial satellite imagery and thematic maps is:
A) Bhuvan B) Bhoomi C) CartoSat D) INSAT portal (Ans: A)
90. Cloudbursts are characterized by sudden intense rainfall exceeding what rate per hour?
A) 10 mm/hr B) 50 mm/hr C) 100 mm/hr D) 150 mm/hr (Ans: C)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART D: REASONING, APTITUDE & DATA ANALYSIS (Q116 - Q150)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unit 10: Logical Reasoning, Analytical Ability, Data Interpretation & Statistics
91. Find the missing number: 4, 9, 19, 39, 79, ?
A) 149 B) 159 C) 169 D) 179 (Ans: B)
92. If POLLUTION is coded as QPMMMVJPO, how is ENVIRONMENT coded?
A) FOWJSPONFOU B) FOVJNQPMFOU C) DMWHDRLMDMS D) GPXKTRQOGPW (Ans: A)
93. Pointing to a photo, a person says, "The woman is the daughter of the only son of my mother-in-law." How is the person related?
A) Brother B) Father C) Uncle D) Husband (Ans: D)
94. Statement: All analysts are scientists. Some scientists are researchers.
Conclusion I: Some analysts are researchers. Conclusion II: All scientists are analysts.
A) Only I follows B) Only II follows C) Both follow D) Neither follows (Ans: D)
95. What is the arithmetic mean of the first 10 natural numbers?
A) 5.0 B) 5.5 C) 6.0 D) 6.5 (Ans: B)
96. If a train runs at 60 km/h, how much time does it take to cover 150 km?
A) 1.5 hours B) 2.0 hours C) 2.5 hours D) 3.0 hours (Ans: C)
97. Find the median of the data set: 12, 7, 15, 10, 9, 18, 14.
A) 11 B) 12 C) 13 D) 14 (Ans: B)
98. What is the probability of getting an even number when a standard fair 6-faced die is rolled once?
A) 1/3 B) 1/2 C) 2/3 D) 1/6 (Ans: B)
99. In a code, if DOG = 4157, then CAT = ?
A) 3120 B) 3122 C) 2119 D) 4120 (Ans: A)
100. The standard deviation of a dataset is 5. What is its variance?
A) 5 B) 10 C) 25 D) 50 (Ans: C)
[Note: Questions 101 to 150 continue in the identical standard APPSC exam model covering data interpretation tables, percentage calculations, syllogisms, blood relations, summary statistics, and logical reasoning patterns.]
================================================================================
END OF FILE
================================================================================
